To study the role of serum bilirubin and lipoproteins in prediction of ischemic heart disease

Objective: to determine if serum bilirubin, when combined with various risk factors like lipid and lipoprotein predicts ischemic heart disease [IHD]

Material and Methods: hundred patients with IHD were included in the study from in and out patient departments of Medicine. 25 normal subjects were studied as controls. The traditional risk factors like cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], cholesterol/HDL-C ratios, triglycerides as well as serum bilirubin, albumin and creatinine were determined by standard methods. Besides, age, cigarette smoking, and systolic blood pressure were also recorded

Results: it was observed that the bilirubin is negatively correlated with hemoglobin, albumin, HDL and LDL-cholesterol. On the other hand a direct correlation with total lipid, cholesterol and ratio of cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol is also observed. High level of serum creatinine level was also found in the patients as compared to normal subjects

Conclusion: no definite relationship between serum bilirubin and I HD was observed

To study the effects of simvastatin on lipid profile in obese patients with changing lifestyle

Simvastatin is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA [3-hydroxy 3-Methyl glutaryl Coenzyme A] reductase. Present study proposed that the lipid lowering effect of simvastatin may be enhanced, if it was taken with fat free diet and morning walk. Cross Sectional Study. This study was conducted at Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore for a period of six months from December 2009 to May 2010. 20 male and 20 female obese patients were selected. The obese patients were re-examined three times i.e. before giving the simvastatin, then after 6 and 12 weeks. The patients were advised to take fat free diet and a morning walk. Serum Cholesterol, serum Triglycerides and serum Lipoprotiens [HDL, LDL] were determined. This study shows that with use of simvastatin, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and serum LDL-Cholesterol was reduced significantly and serum HDL-Cholesterol increased significantly in both sexes. It was also observed that the fat free diet and some exercise causes weight reduction. It is therefore concluded that simvastatin shows significant lipid lowering effects augment process of body weight reduction, if patients used calorie restricted diet with some morning walk

To study the role of serum biliurbin and lipoproteins in prediction of ischemic heart disease

An inverse relationship between the bilirubin level and ischaemic heart disease was accounted. Cross Sectional Study. This study was conducted at Dept. of Biochemistry, Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore from Feb. 2007 to July 2007. Study was performed to determine if serum bilirubin, when combined with various risk factors like lipid and lipoprotein predict ischemic heart disease [IHD]. It is observed that the bilirubin is negatively correlated with hemoglobin, albumin, HDL and LDL-cholesterol. On the other hand a direct correlation with total lipid, cholesterol and ratio of cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol is also observed. High level of serum creatinine level was also found in the patients as compared to normal subject. Our study observed not a definite relationship between serum bilirubin and IHD. Hence the relationships between bilirubin and lipoproteins [risk factors of IHD] require further clarification, although abnormal intermediary metabolism and antioxidant deficiency may be possible linking factors

Breast cancer; role of tamoxifen as selective estrogen receptor modulator in preventing bone loss, reducing serum cholesterol and activity of liver enzymes in patients with different hormonal states

To assess the alterations of serum cholesterol, liver and bone enzyme with breast cancer patient taking tamoxifen with different hormaonal status. Experimental study. Period: April to September, 2006 [24 weeks]. The study was carried out on serum samples that were obtained from out department of Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital of Lahore. The study included 68 [serum specimen] of breast cancer patients. These patients were different stages of menstruation [postmenarche, perimenopausal and post menopausal]. Clinical history and provisional diagnosis were also noted. These patients [68 women] with breast cancer were divided into three major groups; [1] Postmenarche patient, [2] perimenopausal [3] post menopausal status. It is observed that the level of serum cholesterol, ALT and serum alkaline phosphatase in post menarche women were within the normal limits. While women in perimenopausal and post menopausal age groups, had increased level of serum cholesterol [P<0.01] and alkaline phosphatase. Level of ALT however was observed on border line. It is therefore concluded that tamoxifen either prevents or shows no effect on the bone and liver function as well as on cholesterol in postmenarche patients. While in case of perimenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer patients who received tamoxifen, it may induce increase in cholesterol level and bone resorption, which may be due to decreased level of estrogen. However, further research is needed to reach better conclusions

Effect of innate lipid solubility on buccal absorption of basic drugs

This study is designed, to find out the effect of innate lipid solubility on buccal absorption of basic drugs with similar pka values. Allopurinol hydrochloride, nortriptyline hydrochloride and procainamide hydrochloride with Pka values 9.4, 9.7 and 9.2 respectively were selected for in vivo [buccal absorption test] and in vitro [I-octanol/buffer partitioning coefficient] study at pH range 6-10. Results found that the mean percentage of buccal partitioning and/I-octanol partitioning of allopurinol hydrochloride was decreased with the increase in pH from 6.0-10. On the other had mean percentage of buccal partitioning and I-octanol partitioning of procainamide hydrochloride and nortriptyline hydrochloride was increased with the increase in pH from 6.010. It is concluded that although the drugs studied have nearly similar Pka values their lipid solubility is widely variable. A good correlation between buccal and I-octanol partitioning excluded the possibility of interaction between these drugs and I-octanol. Decrease in lipid solubility of allopurinol hydrochloride with increase in pH needs further evaluation

Effect of weight reducing diet on lipid profile of Pakistanis

Effect of weight reducing diet on lipid profile of Pakistanis. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: British Slimming Centre Lahore, Pakistan. Fifty obese subjects of both sexes taken randomly. Main outcome: Measure: Total lipid profile including total lipid, cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins HDL- and LDL-cholesterol] by standard kit [Merck and Bohringer] method. Style of study: Follow up i.e. at 0 month and at 3 month. Significant decreased in the level of cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and significant increased in the level of HDL-Cholesterol was observed in both sexes. Although the level of triglycerides and total lipids also decreased but shows no significant difference after 3 months as compared to the levels of these parameters at 0 month. Diet modified to restrict carbohydrate and fat intake usually results in decrease of total calorie intake which itself has a favourable effect on plasma lipid level. It was observed that people tend to regain lost weight [data not collected] within 6-8 months. Reason may be that diet regimen of slimming centres is one that cannot be maintained in the long term